Standard Electrode (Reduction) Potentials in Aqueous Solution at 25 oC
Standard Electrode (Reduction) Potentials in Aqueous Solution at 25 oC
| Reduction Half–Reaction | Standard Potential, Eo(V) |
| Acid Solution | |
F2(g) + 2 e– 2 F–(aq) | 2.86 |
| OF2(g) + 2 H+ (aq) + 4 e– H2O(l) + 2 F–(aq) | 2.1 |
| O3(g) + 2 H+ (aq) + 2 e– O2(g) + H2O(l) | 2.075 |
| S2O82– (aq) + 2 e– 2 SO42–(aq) | 2.01 |
| Ag2+(aq) + e– Ag+(aq) | 1.98 |
| Co3+(aq) + e– Co2+(aq) | 1.82 |
| H2O2(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– 2 H2O(l) | 1.763 |
| MnO4–(aq ) + 4 H+(aq) + 3 e– MnO2(s) + 2 H2O(l) | 1.70 |
| PbO2(s) + SO4 2–(aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 2 e– PbSO4(s) + 2 H2O(l) | 1.69 |
| Au3+(aq) + 3 e– Au(s) | 1.52 |
| MnO4–(aq ) + 8 H+(aq) + 5 e– Mn2+(aq) + 4 H2O(l) | 1.51 |
| 2 BrO3– (aq) + 12 H+(aq) + 10 e– Br2(l) + 6 H2O(l) | 1.478 |
| PbO2(s) + 4 H+ (aq) + 2 e– Pb2+(aq) + 2 H2O(l) | 1.455 |
| ClO3– (aq) + 6 H+(aq) + 6 e– Cl–(aq) + 3 H2O(l) | 1.450 |
| Ce4+(aq) + e– Ce3+(aq) | 1.44 |
| Au3+(aq) + 2 e– Au+(aq) | 1.36 |
| Cl2(g) + 2 e– 2 Cl–(aq) | 1.358 |
| Cr2O72– (aq) + 14 H+(aq) + 6 e– 2 Cr3+(aq) + 7 H2O(l) | 1.33 |
| MnO2(s) + 4 H+ (aq) + 2 e– Mn2+(aq) + 2 H2O(l) | 1.23 |
| O2(g) + 4 H+ (aq) + 4 e– 2 H2O(l) | 1.229 |
| 2 IO3– (aq) + 12 H+(aq) + 10 e– I2(s) + 6 H2O(l) | 1.20 |
| ClO4– (aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– ClO3–(aq) + H2O( l) | 1.19 |
| ClO3– (aq) + 2 H+(aq) + e– ClO2(g) + H2O(l) | 1.175 |
| NO2(g) + H+ (aq) + e– HNO2(aq) | 1.07 |
| Br2(l) + 2 e– 2 Br–(aq) | 1.065 |
| NO2(g) + 2 H+ (aq) + 2 e– NO(g) + H2O(l) | 1.03 |
| [AuCl4]– (aq) + 3 e– Au(s) + 4 Cl–(aq) | 1.002 |
| VO2+(aq ) + 2 H+(aq) + e– VO2+(aq) + H2O(l) | 1.000 |
| NO3–(aq ) + 4 H+(aq) + 3 e– NO(g) + 2 H2O(l) | 0.956 |
| 2 Hg2+(aq) + 2 e– Hg22+(aq) | 0.90 |
| Cu2+(aq) + I –(aq) + e– CuI(s) | 0.86 |
| Hg2+(aq) + 2 e– Hg(l) | 0.854 |
| Ag+(aq) + e– Ag(s) | 0.800 |
| Hg22+(aq) + 2 e– 2 Hg(l) | 0.80 |
| Fe3+(aq) + e– Fe2+(aq) | 0.771 |
| O2(g) + 2 H+ (aq) + 2 e– H2O2(aq) | 0.695 |
| 2 HgCl2(s) + 2 e– Hg2Cl2(s) + 2 Cl–( aq) | 0.63 |
| MnO4–(aq ) + e– MnO42–(aq) | 0.56 |
| I2(s) + 2 e– 2 I–(aq) | 0.535 |
| Cu+(aq) + e– Cu(s) | 0.520 |
| H2SO3(aq) + 4 H+(aq) + 4 e– S(s) + 3 H2O(l) | 0.449 |
| C2N2(g) + 2 H+(aq) + 2e– 2 HCN(aq) | 0.37 |
| [Fe(CN)6]3–(aq) + e– [Fe(CN)6]4–(aq) | 0.361 |
| Cu2+(aq) + 2 e– Cu(s) | 0.340 |
| VO2+(aq) + 2 H +(aq) + e– V3+(aq) + H2O(l) | 0.337 |
| PbO2(s) + 2 H+ (aq) + 2 e– PbO(s) + H2O(l) | 0.28 |
| HgCl2(s) + 2 e– Hg(l) + 2 Cl–(aq) | 0.2676 |
| HAsO2(aq) + 3 H+ (aq) + 3 e– As(s) + 2 H2O(l) | 0.240 |
| AgCl(s) + e– Ag(s) + Cl–(aq) | 0.2223 |
| SO42–(aq ) + 4 H+(aq) + 2 e– SO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) | 0.17 |
| Cu2+(aq) + e– Cu+(aq) | 0.159 |
| Sn4+(aq) + 2 e– Sn2+(aq) | 0.154 |
| S(s) + 2 H+(aq ) + 2 e– H2S(g) | 0.14 |
| AgBr(s) + e– Ag(s) + Br –(aq) | 0.071 |
| 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– H2(g) | 0.00 |
| Fe3+(aq) + 3 e– Fe(s) | –0.04 |
| Pb2+(aq) + 2 e– Pb(s) | –0.125 |
| Sn2+(aq) + 2 e– Sn(s) | –0.137 |
| AgI(s) + e– Ag(s) + I –(aq) | –0.152 |
| V3+(aq) + e– V2+(aq) | –0.255 |
| Ni2+(aq) + 2 e– Ni(s) | –0.257 |
| H3PO4(aq) + 2 H+(aq) + 2 e– H3PO3(aq) + H2O(l) | –0.276 |
| Co2+(aq) + 2 e– Co(s) | –0.277 |
| PbSO4(s) + 2 e– Pb(s) + SO42–(aq) | –0.356 |
| Cd2+(aq) + 2 e– Cd(s) | –0.403 |
| Cr3+(aq) + e– Cr2+(aq) | –0.424 |
| Fe2+(aq) + 2 e– Fe(s) | –0.440 |
| 2 CO2(g) + 2 H+ (aq) + 2 e– H2C2O4(aq) | –0.49 |
| Cr3+(aq) + 3 e– Cr(s) | –0.74 |
| Zn2+(aq) + 2 e– Zn(s) | –0.763 |
| Cr2+(aq) + 2 e– Cr(s) | –0.90 |
| Mn2+(aq) + 2 e– Mn(s) | –1.18 |
| Ti2+(aq) + 2 e– Ti(s) | –1.63 |
| U3+(aq) + 3 e– U(s) | –1.66 |
| Al3+(aq) + 3 e– Al(s) | –1.676 |
| Mg2+(aq) + 2 e– Mg(s) | –2.356 |
| Na+(aq) + e– Na(s) | –2.713 |
| Ca2+(aq) + 2 e– Ca(s) | –2.84 |
| Sr2+(aq) + 2 e– Sr(s) | –2.89 |
| Ba2+(aq) + 2 e– Ba(s) | –2.92 |
| Cs+(aq) + e– Cs(s) | –2.923 |
| K+(aq) + e– K(s) | –2.924 |
| Rb+(aq) + e– Rb(s) | –2.924 |
| Li+(aq) + e– Li(s) | –3.04 |
| Basic Solution | |
| O3(g) + H2O(l) + 2 e– O2(g) + 2 OH–(aq) | 1.246 |
| ClO–(aq) + H 2O(l) + 2 e– Cl–(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) | 0.890 |
| HO2– (aq) + H2O(l) + 2 e– 3 OH–(aq) | 0.88 |
| BrO–(aq) + H 2O(l) + 2 e– Br–(aq) + 2 OH–(aq ) | 0.766 |
| ClO3–(aq ) + 3 H2O(l) + 6 e– Cl –(aq) + 6 OH–(aq) | 0.622 |
| 2 AgO(s) + H2O(l ) +2 e– Ag2O(s) + 2 OH–(aq) | 0.604 |
| MnO4–(aq ) + 2 H2O(l) + 3 e– MnO2(s) + 4 OH–(aq) | 0.60 |
| ClO2–(aq ) + H2O(l) + 2 e– ClO–(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) | 0.59 |
| BrO3–(aq ) + 3 H2O(l) + 6 e– Br–(aq) + 6 OH–(aq) | 0.584 |
| IO–(aq) + H 2O(l) + 2 e– I–(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) | 0.49 |
| Ni(OH)3(s) + e– Ni(OH)2(s) + OH–(aq) | 0.48 |
| BrO–(aq) + 2 H 2O(l) + 2 e– Br2(l) + 4 OH–(aq) | 0.455 |
| IO–(aq) + 2 H 2O(l) + 2 e– I2(s) + 4 OH–(aq) | 0.42 |
| O2(g) + 2 H2 O(l) + 4 e– 4 OH–(aq) | 0.401 |
| ClO3–(aq ) + H2O(l) + 2 e– ClO2–(aq) + 2 OH–(aq ) | 0.35 |
| Ag2O(s) + H2 O(l) + 2 e– 2 Ag(s) + 2 OH–(aq) | 0.342 |
| Co(OH)3(s) + e– Co(OH)2(s) + OH–(aq) | 0.17 |
| ClO4–(aq ) + H2O(l) + 2 e– ClO3–(aq) + 2 OH–(aq ) | 0.17 |
| NO3–(aq ) + H2O(l) + 2 e– NO2–(aq) +2 OH–(aq ) | 0.01 |
| CrO42–( aq) + 4 H2O(l) + 3 e– [Cr(OH)4]–(aq) + 4 OH– (aq) | –0.13 |
| HPbO2– (aq) + H2O(l) + 2 e– Pb(s) + 3 OH–(aq) | –0.54 |
| CH2O(aq) + 2 H2O(l) + 2 e– CH3OH(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) | –0.59 |
| SO32–(aq ) + 3 H2O(l) + 4 e– S(s) + 6 OH–(aq) | –0.66 |
| AsO43–( aq) + 2 H2O(l) + 2 e– AsO2–(aq) + 4 OH–(aq ) | –0.67 |
| AsO2–(aq ) + 2 H2O(l) + 3 e– As(s) + 4 OH–(aq) | –0.68 |
| 2 H2O(l) + 2 e– H2(g) + 2 OH–(aq) | –0.828 |
| OCN–(aq ) + H2O(l) + 2 e– CN–(aq) + 2 OH – (aq) | –0.97 |
| As(s) + 3 H2O(l ) + 3 e– AsH3(g) + 3 OH–(aq) | –1.21 |
| [Zn(OH)4]2– (aq) + 2 e– Zn(s) + 4 OH–(aq) | –1.285 |
| Sb(s) + 3 H2O(l ) + 3 e– SbH3(g) + 3 OH–(aq) | –1.338 |
| [Al(OH)4]– (aq) + 3 e– Al(s) + 4 OH–(aq) | –2.310 |
| Mg(OH)2(s) + 2 e – Mg(s) + 2 OH–(aq) | –2.687 |
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